feat: update some test fucntions

* Some functions modified

* Fixes in all the functions of slice.go

* Re-use of swap function internal.

convertor/convertor.go

@@ -228,6 +228,42 @@ func ToPointer[T any](value T) *T {
 	return &value
 }
 
+// ToPointers convert a slice of values to a slice of pointers.
+// Play: todo
+func ToPointers[T any](values []T) []*T {
+	result := make([]*T, len(values))
+	for i := range values {
+		result[i] = &values[i]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// FromPointer returns the value pointed to by the pointer.
+// Play: todo
+func FromPointer[T any](ptr *T) T {
+	if ptr == nil {
+		var zeroValue T
+		return zeroValue
+	}
+
+	return *ptr
+}
+
+// FromPointers convert a slice of pointers to a slice of values.
+// Play: todo
+func FromPointers[T any](pointers []*T) []T {
+	result := make([]T, len(pointers))
+	for i, ptr := range pointers {
+		if ptr == nil {
+			var zeroValue T
+			result[i] = zeroValue
+		} else {
+			result[i] = *ptr
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
 // ToMap convert a slice of structs to a map based on iteratee function.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/tVFy7E-t24l
 func ToMap[T any, K comparable, V any](array []T, iteratee func(T) (K, V)) map[K]V {
@@ -406,15 +442,15 @@ func ToStdBase64(value any) string {
 	if value == nil || (reflect.ValueOf(value).Kind() == reflect.Ptr && reflect.ValueOf(value).IsNil()) {
 		return ""
 	}
-	switch value.(type) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
 	case []byte:
-		return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(value.([]byte))
+		return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(v)
 	case string:
-		return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(value.(string)))
+		return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(v))
 	case error:
-		return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(value.(error).Error()))
+		return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(v.Error()))
 	default:
-		marshal, err := json.Marshal(value)
+		marshal, err := json.Marshal(v)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ""
 		}
@@ -428,15 +464,15 @@ func ToUrlBase64(value any) string {
 	if value == nil || (reflect.ValueOf(value).Kind() == reflect.Ptr && reflect.ValueOf(value).IsNil()) {
 		return ""
 	}
-	switch value.(type) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
 	case []byte:
-		return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(value.([]byte))
+		return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(v)
 	case string:
-		return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(value.(string)))
+		return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(v))
 	case error:
-		return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(value.(error).Error()))
+		return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(v.Error()))
 	default:
-		marshal, err := json.Marshal(value)
+		marshal, err := json.Marshal(v)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ""
 		}
@@ -450,7 +486,7 @@ func ToRawStdBase64(value any) string {
 	if value == nil || (reflect.ValueOf(value).Kind() == reflect.Ptr && reflect.ValueOf(value).IsNil()) {
 		return ""
 	}
-	switch value.(type) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
 	case []byte:
 		return base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString(value.([]byte))
 	case string:
@@ -458,7 +494,7 @@ func ToRawStdBase64(value any) string {
 	case error:
 		return base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(value.(error).Error()))
 	default:
-		marshal, err := json.Marshal(value)
+		marshal, err := json.Marshal(v)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ""
 		}
@@ -472,7 +508,7 @@ func ToRawUrlBase64(value any) string {
 	if value == nil || (reflect.ValueOf(value).Kind() == reflect.Ptr && reflect.ValueOf(value).IsNil()) {
 		return ""
 	}
-	switch value.(type) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
 	case []byte:
 		return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(value.([]byte))
 	case string:
@@ -480,7 +516,7 @@ func ToRawUrlBase64(value any) string {
 	case error:
 		return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(value.(error).Error()))
 	default:
-		marshal, err := json.Marshal(value)
+		marshal, err := json.Marshal(v)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ""
 		}

convertor/convertor_test.go

@@ -302,6 +302,75 @@ func TestToPointer(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(*result, 123)
 }
 
+func TestToPointers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	assert := internal.NewAssert(t, "TestToPointers")
+
+	intVals := []int{1, 2, 3}
+	result := ToPointers(intVals)
+
+	assert.Equal(3, len(result))
+	assert.Equal(1, *result[0])
+	assert.Equal(2, *result[1])
+	assert.Equal(3, *result[2])
+
+	stringVals := []string{"a", "b", "c"}
+	resultStr := ToPointers(stringVals)
+	assert.Equal(3, len(resultStr))
+	assert.Equal("a", *resultStr[0])
+	assert.Equal("b", *resultStr[1])
+	assert.Equal("c", *resultStr[2])
+}
+
+func TestFromPointer(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	assert := internal.NewAssert(t, "TestFromPointer")
+
+	intVal := 123
+	pointer := &intVal
+	result := FromPointer(pointer)
+
+	assert.Equal(123, result)
+
+	stringVal := "abc"
+	stringPointer := &stringVal
+	resultStr := FromPointer(stringPointer)
+
+	assert.Equal("abc", resultStr)
+}
+
+func TestFromPointers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	assert := internal.NewAssert(t, "TestFromPointers")
+
+	intPointers := []*int{new(int), new(int), new(int)}
+	*intPointers[0] = 1
+	*intPointers[1] = 2
+	*intPointers[2] = 3
+
+	result := FromPointers(intPointers)
+
+	assert.Equal(3, len(result))
+	assert.Equal(1, result[0])
+	assert.Equal(2, result[1])
+	assert.Equal(3, result[2])
+
+	stringPointers := []*string{new(string), new(string), new(string)}
+	*stringPointers[0] = "a"
+	*stringPointers[1] = "b"
+	*stringPointers[2] = "c"
+
+	resultStr := FromPointers(stringPointers)
+
+	assert.Equal(3, len(resultStr))
+	assert.Equal("a", resultStr[0])
+	assert.Equal("b", resultStr[1])
+	assert.Equal("c", resultStr[2])
+}
+
 func TestEncodeByte(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 

cryptor/rsa_private_example.pem

@@ -1,51 +1,51 @@
 -----BEGIN rsa private key-----
-MIIJKAIBAAKCAgEAw0anfgtraA2uaZwoLpLBvo1EkfYvDBgeXoMQ4WMKbcw6jU8k
-18E+f3WM52I2RssEk6g0X1vIiarHZU5qyxbv2iNoT7EfgizzlXYvx06pM69GNBQr
-V46+lNhiOv4eeLZcOHBnxAyizlIKyLuwO+C1cX/6BxuXjX3ogw+6IaBFZN/EOMmT
-Wc6sPKrnNCEqgCNiTbPAXb+N8j5Iv8QPs0AwVTB3jC9LP0mRt2GGD0cu+QIZkoGE
-hyW9Dd+0tgeIK32uXCF8uDjNpUV1TxCdn5H+lvgddxfiaIJAdY5UaTx48XRIdULh
-QrVKXJNyTYWTXbezViYIf1nXOdDI2hsGgKTfNVCocDT1LcT5zebijFHVCWfAAKEP
-RLdzPZomkFIa3rQQgChgePzE8Oqsaxuwx8sU09NAo3giSq1OmBBwly7h60Lwtm8+
-XuwmWtEgZoSQy2Hm8UMAJ3guotfYuS8mPQBi55JZpdqVN0D5SdwuWXhHpO4xDodN
-YAoMMei1NNgrX2zN3FCS8PVi97wD6cQ8xsWM62nByrzIjmPwTfoCb3qP/928FMJM
-g7b3bYBrUnOrpVWZfAIDs4H7DoP8VLL4rMgB5PuWNQ13gtX7y5ZOyLhopiKLnar9
-XiN8GAMANBdKRI2anGEozrfJoelJ5POXZwSatRjbL+nWO3YnBzEunCw1xmMCAwEA
-AQKCAgBAYYABP3SW5sPVD+XzjPERiPPNh7P1MdJ5aI7dMFEU6Bt50VkdRRn83d2p
-v6iTaIXGxNMXiWQxdzusO9FbyeEkMz5F3+i6e2WHpmKUPGvunV/w9aFgibBt1HV2
-a6fSNpVrCiw758qZaVUi3zZ4V1qa5A2j4EX0IUnSRBIi2ftnCZtg+Zx6JHiGu/Xk
-KvcfLgtQAO5wOiJrdnt3tgVTHNuSipsvfbw6TmAbbKzNRrPG5xlVQxxVjmypMVMc
-HJmZdSNSPrwm5JtwXNkTSzAclv6v+XeFdztvJ1pnJ5jO5WAegy8MchNgcfLlWLt7
-sYlngZQ/1+Q/UHh0GFDQD87yBOmNz8KK5n+5gWB5iumdJ4BHTgUOfXpWilwb0JWG
-r7ctqCYrbXXTvsIbRl47zGPzEsbs0mSLAuLzZ3IQ60uaYRt322bqzZQNBwJcUXYM
-lRb6nc9BVAzqhvUemOlACbYlqXENmQy/Nz14nsNdy4Qrynsfon92dRZ0m+9rJ9Hj
-99K4CNPz0FdayC7jTL76b8QEzoF2MGiKIL5yQYXm9Pt9p0g8g9sER7G7UyrMFqtl
-tfylkAWRX5hgDCwQQ/Gqefn7xb/kG/4D1FBE5i2yU4tYw5NCzENo8Y3mUhBqiQql
-G33sSv2JK/woxRWSbyGLfu1Iq2L8H/q4CdN55xat2iKbpL8omQKCAQEA6qX7V8A0
-uCg0E/Uid6/Xma0dvZ7e5BMKcx0uElSUhUpB6JnEQRlgljRXF/Op8Iae09Gox6bZ
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-fijMw+5jYUgHSXN80BXO56JzHQJU6SIDmA4BrlD0qPaDyzLVdNhG/nIbYKvf120p
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-3h7a2v90RdyWcuAPJL0B5FL5NoHhOMYb1rCMu00FyqCKqXCgte2w2psOP60=
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+T2gLjPvkOf5zJpvsUtoPBY8wUpyRpeKIilrRs6XqRDQtEGEsPR/btSxWL0T1
 -----END rsa private key-----

cryptor/rsa_public_example.pem

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 -----BEGIN rsa public key-----
-MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAw0anfgtraA2uaZwoLpLB
-vo1EkfYvDBgeXoMQ4WMKbcw6jU8k18E+f3WM52I2RssEk6g0X1vIiarHZU5qyxbv
-2iNoT7EfgizzlXYvx06pM69GNBQrV46+lNhiOv4eeLZcOHBnxAyizlIKyLuwO+C1
-cX/6BxuXjX3ogw+6IaBFZN/EOMmTWc6sPKrnNCEqgCNiTbPAXb+N8j5Iv8QPs0Aw
-VTB3jC9LP0mRt2GGD0cu+QIZkoGEhyW9Dd+0tgeIK32uXCF8uDjNpUV1TxCdn5H+
-lvgddxfiaIJAdY5UaTx48XRIdULhQrVKXJNyTYWTXbezViYIf1nXOdDI2hsGgKTf
-NVCocDT1LcT5zebijFHVCWfAAKEPRLdzPZomkFIa3rQQgChgePzE8Oqsaxuwx8sU
-09NAo3giSq1OmBBwly7h60Lwtm8+XuwmWtEgZoSQy2Hm8UMAJ3guotfYuS8mPQBi
-55JZpdqVN0D5SdwuWXhHpO4xDodNYAoMMei1NNgrX2zN3FCS8PVi97wD6cQ8xsWM
-62nByrzIjmPwTfoCb3qP/928FMJMg7b3bYBrUnOrpVWZfAIDs4H7DoP8VLL4rMgB
-5PuWNQ13gtX7y5ZOyLhopiKLnar9XiN8GAMANBdKRI2anGEozrfJoelJ5POXZwSa
-tRjbL+nWO3YnBzEunCw1xmMCAwEAAQ==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 -----END rsa public key-----

docs/en/api/packages/function.md

@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ func main() {
 
 ### <span id="Nand">Nand</span>
 
-<p>Returns a composed predicate that represents the logical NAND of a list of predicates. It evaluates to true only if all predicates evaluate to false for the given value.</p>
+<p>Returns a composed predicate that represents the logical NAND of a list of predicates. It evaluates to false only if all predicates evaluate to true for the given value.</p>
 
 <b>Signature:</b>
 
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ func main() {
 
     // Output:
     // false
-    // false
+    // true
     // true
 }
 ```

function/predicate.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func And[T any](predicates ...func(T) bool) func(T) bool {
 }
 
 // Nand returns a composed predicate that represents the logical NAND of a list of predicates.
-// It evaluates to true only if all predicates evaluate to false for the given value.
+// It evaluates to false only if all predicates evaluate to true for the given value.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/Rb-FdNGpgSO
 func Nand[T any](predicates ...func(T) bool) func(T) bool {
 	if len(predicates) < 2 {
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ func Nand[T any](predicates ...func(T) bool) func(T) bool {
 	}
 	return func(value T) bool {
 		for _, predicate := range predicates {
-			if predicate(value) {
-				return false // Short-circuit on the first true predicate
+			if !predicate(value) {
+				return true // Short-circuit on the first false predicate
 			}
 		}
-		return true // True if all predicates are false
+		return false // False if all predicates are true
 	}
 }
 

function/predicate_example_test.go

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func ExampleNand() {
 
 	// Output:
 	// false
-	// false
+	// true
 	// true
 }
 

function/predicate_test.go

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func TestPredicatesNandPure(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	assert.ShouldBeFalse(isNumericAndLength5("12345"))
-	assert.ShouldBeFalse(isNumericAndLength5("1234"))
+	assert.ShouldBeTrue(isNumericAndLength5("1234"))
 	assert.ShouldBeTrue(isNumericAndLength5("abcdef"))
 }
 

slice/slice.go

@@ -507,19 +507,17 @@ func flattenRecursive(value reflect.Value, result reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
 }
 
 // ForEach iterates over elements of slice and invokes function for each element.
-// Play: https://go.dev/play/p/DrPaa4YsHRF
 func ForEach[T any](slice []T, iteratee func(index int, item T)) {
-	for i := 0; i < len(slice); i++ {
-		iteratee(i, slice[i])
+	for idx, elem := range slice {
+		iteratee(idx, elem)
 	}
 }
 
 // ForEachWithBreak iterates over elements of slice and invokes function for each element,
-// when iteratee return false, will break the for each loop.
-// Play: https://go.dev/play/p/qScs39f3D9W
+// when function return false, will break the for each loop.
 func ForEachWithBreak[T any](slice []T, iteratee func(index int, item T) bool) {
-	for i := 0; i < len(slice); i++ {
-		if !iteratee(i, slice[i]) {
+	for idx, elem := range slice {
+		if !iteratee(idx, elem) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
@@ -692,11 +690,12 @@ func IntSlice(slice any) []int {
 // DeleteAt delete the element of slice at index.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/800B1dPBYyd
 func DeleteAt[T any](slice []T, index int) []T {
+	result := append([]T(nil), slice...)
+
 	if index < 0 || index >= len(slice) {
-		return slice[:len(slice)-1]
+		return result[:len(slice)-1]
 	}
 
-	result := append([]T(nil), slice...)
 	copy(result[index:], result[index+1:])
 
 	// Set the last element to zero value, clean up the memory.
@@ -736,7 +735,8 @@ func Drop[T any](slice []T, n int) []T {
 	}
 
 	if n <= 0 {
-		return slice
+		result := make([]T, 0, size)
+		return append(result, slice...)
 	}
 
 	result := make([]T, 0, size-n)
@@ -754,7 +754,8 @@ func DropRight[T any](slice []T, n int) []T {
 	}
 
 	if n <= 0 {
-		return slice
+		result := make([]T, 0, size)
+		return append(result, slice...)
 	}
 
 	result := make([]T, 0, size-n)
@@ -800,7 +801,9 @@ func InsertAt[T any](slice []T, index int, value any) []T {
 	size := len(slice)
 
 	if index < 0 || index > size {
-		return slice
+		result := make([]T, size)
+		copy(result, slice)
+		return result
 	}
 
 	switch v := value.(type) {
@@ -817,21 +820,21 @@ func InsertAt[T any](slice []T, index int, value any) []T {
 		copy(result[index+len(v):], slice[index:])
 		return result
 	default:
-		return slice
+		result := make([]T, size)
+		copy(result, slice)
+		return result
 	}
 }
 
 // UpdateAt update the slice element at index.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/f3mh2KloWVm
 func UpdateAt[T any](slice []T, index int, value T) []T {
-	if index < 0 || index >= len(slice) {
-		return slice
-	}
-
 	result := make([]T, len(slice))
 	copy(result, slice)
 
-	result[index] = value
+	if index >= 0 && index < len(slice) {
+		result[index] = value
+	}
 
 	return result
 }
@@ -1021,7 +1024,9 @@ func SymmetricDifference[T comparable](slices ...[]T) []T {
 		return []T{}
 	}
 	if len(slices) == 1 {
-		return Unique(slices[0])
+		result := make([]T, len(slices[0]))
+		copy(result, slices[0])
+		return Unique(result)
 	}
 
 	result := make([]T, 0)
@@ -1042,6 +1047,7 @@ func SymmetricDifference[T comparable](slices ...[]T) []T {
 }
 
 // Reverse return slice of element order is reversed to the given slice.
+// Reverse modifies the slice in place.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/8uI8f1lwNrQ
 func Reverse[T any](slice []T) {
 	for i, j := 0, len(slice)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
@@ -1049,7 +1055,8 @@ func Reverse[T any](slice []T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// ReverseCopy return a new slice of element order is reversed to the given slice.
+// ReverseCopy return a new slice of element where the order is reversed to the given
+// slice.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/c9arEaP7Cg-
 func ReverseCopy[T any](slice []T) []T {
 	result := make([]T, len(slice))
@@ -1067,7 +1074,7 @@ func Shuffle[T any](slice []T) []T {
 	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
 
 	rand.Shuffle(len(slice), func(i, j int) {
-		slice[i], slice[j] = slice[j], slice[i]
+		swap(slice, i, j)
 	})
 
 	return slice
@@ -1240,11 +1247,12 @@ func SortByField[T any](slice []T, field string, sortType ...string) error {
 // Without creates a slice excluding all given items.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/bwhEXEypThg
 func Without[T comparable](slice []T, items ...T) []T {
+	result := make([]T, 0, len(slice))
+
 	if len(items) == 0 || len(slice) == 0 {
-		return slice
+		return append(result, slice...)
 	}
 
-	result := make([]T, 0, len(slice))
 	for _, v := range slice {
 		if !Contain(items, v) {
 			result = append(result, v)
@@ -1465,36 +1473,28 @@ func Random[T any](slice []T) (val T, idx int) {
 	return slice[idx], idx
 }
 
-// RightPadding adds padding to the right end of a slice.
+// RightPadding returns a copy of the slice padding the given value to the right end of a slice.
+// If paddingLength is zero or less, the function returns a copy of the slice.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/0_2rlLEMBXL
 func RightPadding[T any](slice []T, paddingValue T, paddingLength int) []T {
-	if paddingLength == 0 {
-		return slice
+	suffix := []T{}
+	if paddingLength > 0 {
+		suffix = repeat([]T{paddingValue}, paddingLength)
 	}
-	for i := 0; i < paddingLength; i++ {
-		slice = append(slice, paddingValue)
-	}
-	return slice
+	padded := concat(slice, suffix)
+	return padded
 }
 
-// LeftPadding adds padding to the left begin of a slice.
+// LeftPadding returns a copy of the slice padding the given value to the left begin of a slice.
+// If paddingLength is zero or less, the function returns a copy of the slice.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/jlQVoelLl2k
 func LeftPadding[T any](slice []T, paddingValue T, paddingLength int) []T {
-	if paddingLength == 0 {
-		return slice
+	prefix := []T{}
+	if paddingLength > 0 {
+		prefix = repeat([]T{paddingValue}, paddingLength)
 	}
-
-	paddedSlice := make([]T, len(slice)+paddingLength)
-	i := 0
-	for ; i < paddingLength; i++ {
-		paddedSlice[i] = paddingValue
-	}
-	for j := 0; j < len(slice); j++ {
-		paddedSlice[i] = slice[j]
-		i++
-	}
-
-	return paddedSlice
+	padded := concat(prefix, slice)
+	return padded
 }
 
 // Frequency counts the frequency of each element in the slice.

slice/slice_example_test.go

@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ func ExampleUniqueByComparator() {
 	})
 
 	caseInsensitiveStrings := UniqueByComparator([]string{"apple", "banana", "Apple", "cherry", "Banana", "date"}, func(item string, other string) bool {
-		return strings.ToLower(item) == strings.ToLower(other)
+		return strings.EqualFold(item, other)
 	})
 
 	fmt.Println(uniqueNums)

slice/slice_internal.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package slice
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"math/bits"
 	"reflect"
 
 	"golang.org/x/exp/constraints"
@@ -96,3 +97,71 @@ func partitionAnySlice[T any](slice []T, lowIndex, highIndex int, less func(a, b
 func swap[T any](slice []T, i, j int) {
 	slice[i], slice[j] = slice[j], slice[i]
 }
+
+// `repeat` returns a new slice that repeats the provided slice the given number of
+// times. The result has length and capacity (len(x) * count). The result is never nil.
+// Repeat panics if count is negative or if the result of (len(x) * count)  overflows.
+//
+// repeat has been provided in the standard lib within the package `slices` under the
+// name Repeat since GO version 1.21 onwards. As lancet commits to compatibility with GO
+// 1.18 onwards, we implement the functionality as an internal function.
+func repeat[S ~[]E, E any](x S, count int) S {
+	if count < 0 {
+		panic("count cannot be negative")
+	}
+
+	const maxInt = ^uint(0) >> 1
+	hi, lo := bits.Mul(uint(len(x)), uint(count))
+	if hi > 0 || lo > maxInt {
+		panic("the result of (len(x) * count) overflows")
+	}
+
+	newslice := make(S, int(lo)) // lo = len(x) * count
+	n := copy(newslice, x)
+	for n < len(newslice) {
+		n += copy(newslice[n:], newslice[:n])
+	}
+	return newslice
+}
+
+// concat returns a new slice concatenating the passed in slices.
+//
+// concat has been provided in the standard lib within the package `slices` under the
+// name Concat since GO version 1.21 onwards. As lancet commits to compatibility with GO
+// 1.18 onwards, we implement the functionality as an internal function.
+func concat[S ~[]E, E any](slices ...S) S {
+	size := 0
+	for _, s := range slices {
+		size += len(s)
+		if size < 0 {
+			panic("len out of range")
+		}
+	}
+	// Use Grow, not make, to round up to the size class:
+	// the extra space is otherwise unused and helps
+	// callers that append a few elements to the result.
+	newslice := grow[S](nil, size)
+	for _, s := range slices {
+		newslice = append(newslice, s...)
+	}
+	return newslice
+}
+
+// grow increases the slice's capacity, if necessary, to guarantee space for
+// another n elements. After grow(n), at least n elements can be appended
+// to the slice without another allocation. If n is negative or too large to
+// allocate the memory, grow panics.
+//
+// grow has been provided in the standard lib within the package `slices` under the
+// name Grow since GO version 1.21 onwards. As lancet commits to compatibility with GO
+// 1.18 onwards, we implement the functionality as an internal function.
+func grow[S ~[]E, E any](s S, n int) S {
+	if n < 0 {
+		panic("cannot be negative")
+	}
+	if n -= cap(s) - len(s); n > 0 {
+		// This expression allocates only once.
+		s = append(s[:cap(s)], make([]E, n)...)[:len(s)]
+	}
+	return s
+}

slice/slice_test.go

@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ func TestUniqueByComparator(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("case-insensitive string comparison", func(t *testing.T) {
 		stringSlice := []string{"apple", "banana", "Apple", "cherry", "Banana", "date"}
 		caseInsensitiveComparator := func(item, other string) bool {
-			return strings.ToLower(item) == strings.ToLower(other)
+			return strings.EqualFold(item, other)
 		}
 
 		result := UniqueByComparator(stringSlice, caseInsensitiveComparator)
@@ -1756,6 +1756,20 @@ func TestRightPaddingAndLeftPadding(t *testing.T) {
 
 	padded := LeftPadding(RightPadding(nums, 0, 3), 0, 3)
 	assert.Equal([]int{0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0}, padded)
+
+	// Test with negative padding length
+	paddedNegative := LeftPadding(RightPadding(nums, 0, -3), 0, -3)
+	assert.Equal([]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, paddedNegative)
+
+	// Test with empty slice
+	empty := []int{}
+	paddedEmpty := LeftPadding(RightPadding(empty, 0, 3), 0, 3)
+	assert.Equal([]int{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, paddedEmpty)
+
+	// Test with nil
+	nilSlice := []int(nil)
+	paddedNil := LeftPadding(RightPadding(nilSlice, 0, 3), 0, 3)
+	assert.Equal([]int{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, paddedNil)
 }
 
 func TestUniqueByConcurrent(t *testing.T) {

validator/validator.go

@@ -19,16 +19,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	alphaMatcher           *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z]+$`)
-	letterRegexMatcher     *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`[a-zA-Z]`)
-	alphaNumericMatcher    *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9-]+$`)
-	numberRegexMatcher     *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`\d`)
-	intStrMatcher          *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[\+-]?\d+$`)
-	urlMatcher             *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^((ftp|http|https?):\/\/)?(\S+(:\S*)?@)?((([1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[01]\d|22[0-3])(\.(1?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])){2}(?:\.([0-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-4]))|(([a-zA-Z0-9]+([-\.][a-zA-Z0-9]+)*)|((www\.)?))?(([a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+-?-?)*[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+)(?:\.([a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]{2,}))?))(:(\d{1,5}))?((\/|\?|#)[^\s]*)?$`)
-	dnsMatcher             *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^(?:[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}$`)
-	emailMatcher           *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z0-9._%+\-]+@[a-z0-9.\-]+\.[a-z]{2,4}$`)
+	alphaMatcher        *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z]+$`)
+	letterRegexMatcher  *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`[a-zA-Z]`)
+	alphaNumericMatcher *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9-]+$`)
+	numberRegexMatcher  *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`\d`)
+	intStrMatcher       *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[\+-]?\d+$`)
+	urlMatcher          *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^((ftp|http|https?):\/\/)?(\S+(:\S*)?@)?((([1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[01]\d|22[0-3])(\.(1?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])){2}(?:\.([0-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-4]))|(([a-zA-Z0-9]+([-\.][a-zA-Z0-9]+)*)|((www\.)?))?(([a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+-?-?)*[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+)(?:\.([a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]{2,}))?))(:(\d{1,5}))?((\/|\?|#)[^\s]*)?$`)
+	dnsMatcher          *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^(?:[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}$`)
+	// emailMatcher           *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z0-9._%+\-]+@[a-z0-9.\-]+\.[a-z]{2,4}$`)
+	emailMatcher           *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`\w+(-+.\w+)*@\w+(-.\w+)*.\w+(-.\w+)*`)
 	chineseMobileMatcher   *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^1(?:3\d|4[4-9]|5[0-35-9]|6[67]|7[013-8]|8\d|9\d)\d{8}$`)
-	chineseIdMatcher       *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^(\d{17})([0-9]|X|x)$`)
+	chineseIdMatcher       *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`([1-9]\d{5}(18|19|([23]\d))\d{2}((0[1-9])|(10|11|12))(([0-2][1-9])|10|20|30|31)\d{3}[0-9Xx])|([1-9]\d{5}\d{2}((0[1-9])|(10|11|12))(([0-2][1-9])|10|20|30|31)\d{2}[0-9Xx])`)
 	chineseMatcher         *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile("[\u4e00-\u9fa5]")
 	chinesePhoneMatcher    *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`\d{3}-\d{8}|\d{4}-\d{7}|\d{4}-\d{8}`)
 	creditCardMatcher      *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^(?:4[0-9]{12}(?:[0-9]{3})?|5[1-5][0-9]{14}|(222[1-9]|22[3-9][0-9]|2[3-6][0-9]{2}|27[01][0-9]|2720)[0-9]{12}|6(?:011|5[0-9][0-9])[0-9]{12}|3[47][0-9]{13}|3(?:0[0-5]|[68][0-9])[0-9]{11}|(?:2131|1800|35\\d{3})\\d{11}|6[27][0-9]{14})$`)
@@ -39,10 +40,26 @@ var (
 	visaMatcher            *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^4[0-9]{12}(?:[0-9]{3})?$`)
 	masterCardMatcher      *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^5[1-5][0-9]{14}$`)
 	americanExpressMatcher *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^3[47][0-9]{13}$`)
-	unionPay               *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile("^62[0-5]\\d{13,16}$")
-	chinaUnionPay          *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^62[0-9]{14,17}$`)
+	unionPayMatcher        *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^62[0-5]\\d{13,16}$`)
+	chinaUnionPayMatcher   *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^62[0-9]{14,17}$`)
 )
 
+var passportMatcher = map[string]*regexp.Regexp{
+	"CN": regexp.MustCompile(`^P\d{9}$`),
+	"US": regexp.MustCompile(`^\d{9}$`),
+	"GB": regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Z0-9]{9}$`),
+	"RU": regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Z]{2}\d{7}$`),
+	"DE": regexp.MustCompile(`^\d{9}$`),
+	"FR": regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Z]{2}\d{7}$`),
+	"JP": regexp.MustCompile(`^\d{8}$`),
+	"IT": regexp.MustCompile(`^\d{8}$`),
+	"AU": regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Z]{1}\d{8}$`),
+	"BR": regexp.MustCompile(`^\d{9}$`),
+	"IN": regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Z]{1,2}\d{7}$`),
+	"HK": regexp.MustCompile(`^M\d{8}$`),
+	"MO": regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Z]\d{8}$`),
+}
+
 var (
 	// Identity card formula
 	factor = [17]int{7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2}
@@ -258,21 +275,45 @@ func IsPort(str string) bool {
 // IsUrl check if the string is url.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/pbJGa7F98Ka
 func IsUrl(str string) bool {
-	if str == "" || len(str) >= 2083 || len(str) <= 3 || strings.HasPrefix(str, ".") {
-		return false
-	}
-	u, err := url.Parse(str)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	if strings.HasPrefix(u.Host, ".") {
-		return false
-	}
-	if u.Host == "" && (u.Path != "" && !strings.Contains(u.Path, ".")) {
+	if str == "" {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	return urlMatcher.MatchString(str)
+	u, err := url.Parse(str)
+	if err != nil || u.Scheme == "" || u.Host == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	allowedSchemes := map[string]struct{}{
+		"http":   {},
+		"https":  {},
+		"ftp":    {},
+		"ws":     {},
+		"wss":    {},
+		"file":   {},
+		"mailto": {},
+		"data":   {},
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := allowedSchemes[u.Scheme]; !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if u.Scheme == "file" || u.Scheme == "mailto" || u.Scheme == "data" {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	host := u.Hostname()
+	if !strings.Contains(host, ".") || strings.HasSuffix(host, ".") {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// domainRegexp := regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9\-\.]*[a-zA-Z0-9]$`)
+	if !dnsMatcher.MatchString(host) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
 }
 
 // IsDns check if the string is dns.
@@ -286,8 +327,6 @@ func IsDns(dns string) bool {
 func IsEmail(email string) bool {
 	_, err := mail.ParseAddress(email)
 	return err == nil
-
-	// return emailMatcher.MatchString(email)
 }
 
 // IsChineseMobile check if the string is chinese mobile number.
@@ -460,12 +499,13 @@ func IsZeroValue(value any) bool {
 func IsGBK(data []byte) bool {
 	i := 0
 	for i < len(data) {
-		if data[i] <= 0xff {
+		if data[i] < 0x81 {
 			i++
 			continue
 		} else {
 			if data[i] >= 0x81 &&
 				data[i] <= 0xfe &&
+				i+1 < len(data) &&
 				data[i+1] >= 0x40 &&
 				data[i+1] <= 0xfe &&
 				data[i+1] != 0xf7 {
@@ -562,11 +602,22 @@ func IsAmericanExpress(v string) bool {
 // IsUnionPay check if a give string is a valid union pay nubmer or not.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/CUHPEwEITDf
 func IsUnionPay(v string) bool {
-	return unionPay.MatchString(v)
+	return unionPayMatcher.MatchString(v)
 }
 
 // IsChinaUnionPay check if a give string is a valid china union pay nubmer or not.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/yafpdxLiymu
 func IsChinaUnionPay(v string) bool {
-	return chinaUnionPay.MatchString(v)
+	return chinaUnionPayMatcher.MatchString(v)
+}
+
+// IsPassport checks if the passport number is valid for a given country.
+// country is a two-letter country code (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2).
+// Play: todo
+func IsPassport(passport, country string) bool {
+	if matcher, ok := passportMatcher[country]; ok {
+		return matcher.MatchString(passport)
+	}
+
+	return false
 }

validator/validator_example_test.go

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ func ExampleIsUrl() {
 	fmt.Println(result3)
 
 	// Output:
-	// true
+	// false
 	// true
 	// false
 }
@@ -683,3 +683,21 @@ func ExampleIsAlphaNumeric() {
 	// true
 	// false
 }
+
+func ExampleIsPassport() {
+	result1 := IsPassport("P123456789", "CN")
+	result2 := IsPassport("123456789", "US")
+	result3 := IsPassport("AB1234567", "RU")
+	result4 := IsPassport("123456789", "CN")
+
+	fmt.Println(result1)
+	fmt.Println(result2)
+	fmt.Println(result3)
+	fmt.Println(result4)
+
+	// Output:
+	// true
+	// true
+	// true
+	// false
+}

validator/validator_test.go

@@ -437,10 +437,32 @@ func TestIsUrl(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert := internal.NewAssert(t, "TestIsUrl")
 
-	assert.Equal(true, IsUrl("http://abc.com"))
-	assert.Equal(true, IsUrl("abc.com"))
-	assert.Equal(true, IsUrl("a.b.com"))
-	assert.Equal(false, IsUrl("abc"))
+	tests := []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"http://abc.com", true},
+		{"https://abc.com", true},
+		{"ftp://abc.com", true},
+		{"http://abc.com/path?query=123", true},
+		{"https://abc.com/path/to/resource", true},
+		{"ws://abc.com", true},
+		{"wss://abc.com", true},
+		{"mailto://abc.com", true},
+		{"file://path/to/file", true},
+		{"data://text/plain;base64,SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==", true},
+		{"http://abc.com/path/to/resource?query=123#fragment", true},
+
+		{"abc", false},
+		{"http://", false},
+		{"http://abc", false},
+		{"http://abc:8080", false},
+		{"http://abc:99999999", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		assert.Equal(tt.expected, IsUrl(tt.input))
+	}
 }
 
 func TestIsDns(t *testing.T) {
@@ -477,12 +499,24 @@ func TestIsEmail(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestContainChinese(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-
 	assert := internal.NewAssert(t, "TestContainChinese")
 
-	assert.Equal(true, ContainChinese("你好"))
-	assert.Equal(true, ContainChinese("你好hello"))
-	assert.Equal(false, ContainChinese("hello"))
+	tests := []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"你好", true},
+		{"hello", false},
+		{"你好hello", true},
+		{"hello你好", true},
+		{"", false},
+		{"123", false},
+		{"!@#$%^&*()", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		assert.Equal(tt.expected, ContainChinese(tt.input))
+	}
 }
 
 func TestIsChineseMobile(t *testing.T) {
@@ -490,8 +524,20 @@ func TestIsChineseMobile(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert := internal.NewAssert(t, "TestIsChineseMobile")
 
-	assert.Equal(true, IsChineseMobile("13263527980"))
-	assert.Equal(false, IsChineseMobile("434324324"))
+	tests := []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"13263527980", true},
+		{"1326352798", false},
+		{"132635279801", false},
+		{"1326352798a", false},
+		{"1326352798@", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		assert.Equal(tt.expected, IsChineseMobile(tt.input))
+	}
 }
 
 func TestIsChinesePhone(t *testing.T) {
@@ -924,3 +970,33 @@ func TestIsAlphaNumeric(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(tt.expected, IsAlphaNumeric(tt.input))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestIsPassport(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	assert := internal.NewAssert(t, "TestIsPassport")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		passport    string
+		countryCode string
+		expected    bool
+	}{
+		{"P123456789", "CN", true},
+		{"123456789", "US", true},
+		{"A12345678", "GB", true},
+		{"AB1234567", "FR", true},
+		{"12345678", "JP", true},
+		{"M12345678", "HK", true},
+		{"A12345678", "MO", true},
+		{"A1234567", "IN", true},
+		{"12345678", "IT", true},
+		{"A12345678", "AU", true},
+		{"123456789", "BR", true},
+		{"AB1234567", "RU", true},
+		{"123456789", "CN", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		assert.Equal(tt.expected, IsPassport(tt.passport, tt.countryCode))
+	}
+}