Add exponential With jitter backoff (#174)

* Add exponential With jitter backoff

Adds exponential + jitter retry policy. To enable drastic slow down of sending out requests to any external system.

Jitter in computational contexts refers to the addition of a small random variation to a value
to break the symmetric patterns

* Retry with exp: Allow shift for all multiple of 2

retry/retry.go

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"math/rand"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
@@ -56,6 +58,36 @@ func RetryWithLinearBackoff(interval time.Duration) Option {
 	}
 }
 
+// RetryWithExponentialWithJitterBackoff set exponential strategy backoff
+// todo: Add playground link
+func RetryWithExponentialWithJitterBackoff(interval time.Duration, base uint64, maxJitter time.Duration) Option {
+	if interval <= 0 {
+		panic("programming error: retry interval should not be lower or equal to 0")
+	}
+
+	if maxJitter < 0 {
+		panic("programming error: retry maxJitter should not be lower to 0")
+	}
+
+	if base%2 == 0 {
+		return func(rc *RetryConfig) {
+			rc.backoffStrategy = &shiftExponentialWithJitter{
+				interval:  interval,
+				maxJitter: maxJitter,
+				shifter:   uint64(math.Log2(float64(base))),
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return func(rc *RetryConfig) {
+		rc.backoffStrategy = &exponentialWithJitter{
+			interval:  interval,
+			base:      time.Duration(base),
+			maxJitter: maxJitter,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // Context set retry context config.
 // Play: https://go.dev/play/p/xnAOOXv9GkS
 func Context(ctx context.Context) Option {
@@ -117,8 +149,45 @@ type linear struct {
 	interval time.Duration
 }
 
-// CalculateInterval is the method implementation for the linear struct.
-// It returns the fixed interval defined in the linear struct.
+// CalculateInterval calculates the next interval returns a constant.
 func (l *linear) CalculateInterval() time.Duration {
 	return l.interval
 }
+
+// exponentialWithJitter is a struct that implements the BackoffStrategy interface using a exponential backoff strategy.
+type exponentialWithJitter struct {
+	base      time.Duration // base is the multiplier for the exponential backoff.
+	interval  time.Duration // interval is the current backoff interval, which will be adjusted over time.
+	maxJitter time.Duration // maxJitter is the maximum amount of jitter to apply to the backoff interval.
+}
+
+// CalculateInterval calculates the next backoff interval with jitter and updates the interval.
+func (e *exponentialWithJitter) CalculateInterval() time.Duration {
+	current := e.interval
+	e.interval = e.interval * e.base
+	return current + jitter(e.maxJitter)
+}
+
+// shiftExponentialWithJitter is a struct that implements the BackoffStrategy interface using a exponential backoff strategy.
+type shiftExponentialWithJitter struct {
+	interval  time.Duration // interval is the current backoff interval, which will be adjusted over time.
+	maxJitter time.Duration // maxJitter is the maximum amount of jitter to apply to the backoff interval.
+	shifter   uint64        // shift by n faster than multiplication
+}
+
+// CalculateInterval calculates the next backoff interval with jitter and updates the interval.
+// Uses shift instead of multiplication
+func (e *shiftExponentialWithJitter) CalculateInterval() time.Duration {
+	current := e.interval
+	e.interval = e.interval << e.shifter
+	return current + jitter(e.maxJitter)
+}
+
+// Jitter adds a random duration, up to maxJitter,
+// to the current interval to introduce randomness and avoid synchronized patterns in retry behavior
+func jitter(maxJitter time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	if maxJitter == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return time.Duration(rand.Int63n(int64(maxJitter)) + 1)
+}